Grammar

Grammatical gender gramatický rod

Slovak nouns belong to masculine, feminine, or neuter gender.

Numbers and numerals číslovky

Numbers change the form that follows them, especially from five upward.

Cases overview pády

Six active cases change word endings according to their role.

Present tense prítomný čas

Present-tense endings show who performs an action.

To be (present) byť

Use byť to say who or what someone is, and where someone or something is.

To have (present) mať

Use mať to say what you have and how old you are.

Aspect vid

Slovak verbs mark whether an action is ongoing or completed — not just when it happens.

Word order slovosled

Slovak word order is flexible, but neutral sentences often follow subject–verb–object.

Informal and formal you tykanie a vykanie

Use ty with one person informally and vy for formal address or more than one person.

Negation zápor

Slovak usually makes a finite verb negative with ne-.

Questions otázky

Use question words for information, or statement order with rising intonation for yes/no questions.